In today's call, I will summarize some of the key themes we talked about at that event, including how advancing energy-efficient computing performance is critical to deploying AI at scale, why the energy-efficient computing roadmap is increasingly enabled by materials engineering and Applied Materials, and how we are working in new ways to accelerate this complex roadmap and create new growth opportunities for Applied. Semiconductors provide the foundation for tectonic shifts in technology that will reshape the global economy over the next several decades, including AI, IoT, robotics, electric and autonomous vehicles, and clean energy. These multi-trillion dollar global inflections are increasing demand for chips and driving the need for significant advances in semiconductor technology. The biggest tectonic shift of all is AI.

And the race for AI leadership will, in large part, be determined by which companies in the semiconductor industry are first to deliver substantial improvements in energy-efficient compute performance. In our discussions with leading AI companies, they are telling us that reducing power per operation is now more important than increasing operations per second. They are also talking about the need to drive a 10,000 times improvement in performance per watt over the next 15 years. Evolutionary innovation is insufficient to deliver improvements of this magnitude, and we're seeing the emergence of a new industry playbook made up of major device architecture inflections in logic, memory, and advanced packaging.

These device architecture inflections are increasingly enabled by material science and materials engineering, where Applied is the clear market and technology leader. For AI, the advanced chips in the data center used for training AI models are built upon four critical categories of semiconductor technology: leading-edge logic, high-performance DRAM, high-bandwidth memory enabled by die stacking technology, and advanced packaging to connect the logic and memory chips together in a single integrated package. In leading-edge logic, key device inflections in both transistor and interconnect are currently moving from chip makers R&D pilot lines to high volume production. The transition from FinFET to gate-all-around transistors grows Applied's available market for the transistor module from around $6 billion to approximately $7 billion for every 100,000 wafer starts per month of capacity.

We also expect to gain share through the gate-all-around transition, and we're on track to capture more than 50% of the process equipment spending for the transistor fabrication steps. For the interconnect module, our available market is also about $6 billion for every 100,000 wafer starts per month. We forecast this will also grow by about $1 billion with the implementation of backside power delivery, and we expect to win more than 50% of the applications we address in interconnect when backside power ramps in volume manufacturing. In DRAM, we've also established clear leadership in process equipment and are in a great position for future growth.

Over the past decade, we've grown our market share in DRAM by around 10 points. As DRAM plays a critical role in energy-efficient computing performance, there is a huge focus on advancing the roadmap. The next major DRAM inflection from 6F2 to 4F2, our vertical transistor architectures, is materials-enabled, and we expect our market opportunity to grow by approximately 10% to around $6.5 billion for each 100,000 wafer starts per month of capacity. We also expect to increase our share based on our position to enable the 4F2 inflection.

In addition, we believe the subsequent transition to 3D DRAM will grow our addressable market by an incremental 15%, further compounding Applied's opportunity. In the die stacking technologies that enable high-bandwidth memory, we also have strong leadership positions, both in micro-bump and through-silicon via. We have seen demand for high-bandwidth memory accelerating in 2024 and expect to generate more than $600 million of HBM packaging revenue this year, which is approximately six times 2023. Overall, including HBM, we expect revenue from our advanced packaging product portfolio to grow to approximately $1.7 billion in 2024.

We believe this business can double in size over the next several years as heterogeneous integration is more widely adopted and we introduce new solutions that grow our addressable market. Advanced logic, high-performance DRAM, high-bandwidth memory, and advanced packaging are all great examples of how future device architecture inflections are increasingly enabled by materials engineering. As a result, we expect materials engineering as a percentage of total wafer fab equipment to grow in both logic and memory through the coming node transitions. At the same time, thanks to our inflection-focused approach to R&D and the strong positions we've established at these future device architecture inflections, we expect to capture more of the expanded opportunities we serve.

The value of bringing next-generation semiconductor technology to market faster has never been greater. At Applied, our strategy and investments are focused on accelerating the industry's roadmap to support the highest growth rate global inflections, spanning AI data centers, edge AI and IoT, robotics, electric vehicles, and clean energy. This strategy is enabled by three pillars. First, we have built a broad, unique, and connected portfolio of highly enabling technologies, as well as providing traditional best-in-class unit processes.

We can co-optimize, combine, and integrate our technologies to deliver more comprehensive solutions that address higher-value challenges for our customers. These integrated fab-in-a-fab solutions have grown from approximately 20% of our semiconductor products revenue in 2019 to around 30% today. We expect demand for our integrated products to continue growing, both at the leading edge and from our ICAPS customers who are serving specialty markets. Second, we are changing the way we work inside and outside the company.

Over the past five years, we have built new capabilities and dedicated teams focused on module integration, device design and simulation, data analytics and AI, advanced packaging, and ICAPS. At the same time, we are driving earlier, deeper, and more extensive collaboration with our customers and partners to win the device architecture inflection races, accelerate mutual success rates, and increase investment efficiencies. To further support these collaborative partnerships, we will build out our global EPIC platform over the next several years, which is specifically designed for high-velocity innovation and commercialization of next generation technologies. And third, we are helping customers transfer new technology into high-volume manufacturing faster and then optimize performance yield output and cost in their factory operations.

This is supporting double-digit growth in services with a high percentage of our service revenue coming from subscriptions in the form of long-term agreements. Overall, AGS delivered another record quarter, which is their 20th consecutive quarter of year-on-year growth. Before I hand over to Brice, I'll quickly summarize. Applied Materials is delivering record results in 2024, and we're in a great position to benefit from secular growth trends over the longer term.

Semiconductors are the foundation for tectonic shifts in technology, which will reshape the global economy over the next several decades. This is driving increasing demand for chips, as well as the need for significant advances in semiconductor innovation. The race for AI leadership depends on delivering significant improvements and energy-efficient compute performance in the range of 10,000 times over the next 15 years. The need for more energy-efficient compute is driving major device architecture inflections within the semiconductor roadmap that are enabled by materials engineering and Applied Materials innovations.

This expands our served market and is accretive to our share. And the increasingly complex industry roadmap creates new collaboration and growth opportunities for Applied, enabled by our broad, unique, and connected portfolio of capabilities, products, and services. Finally, as you may be aware, Mike Sullivan will be retiring at the end of this calendar year and handing the reins to Liz Morali, who recently joined Applied as our new head of investor relations. I would like to say a huge thank you to Mike for his many contributions to the success of our company and congratulate him on an outstanding career.

Now, over to Brice.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Thank you, Gary. And I'd like to thank our teams for their strong execution this quarter, which enabled us to deliver record revenue, improved operational performance, and healthy gross margin. Today, I'll summarize the market environment, discuss our Q3 performance, and share our Q4 outlook. As Gary mentioned, Mike Sullivan plans to retire from Applied at the end of this calendar year.

Liz Morali has joined Applied as our new vice president of investor relations. Mike and Liz are working on a smooth handoff of the IR function beginning with our November earnings call. I hope you'll join Gary and me in congratulating Mike on his extraordinary career and leadership, and welcoming Liz to Applied Materials. Beginning with the business environment, our revenue in Q3, as well as our outlook for Q4, reflect the industry's focus on the major inflections Gary highlighted earlier.

We are seeing particularly strong pull related to AI and data center computing. Specifically, our DRAM system shipments remained strong even as DRAM sales in China decline as anticipated. Adoption of high-bandwidth memory and other forms of advanced packaging continues to grow. And in foundry/logic, leading-edge investment is growing each quarter and becoming a larger percentage of our mix while ICAPS demand remains strong overall.

Turning to our Q3 performance, we delivered record revenue of $6.78 billion, which was up 5% year over year, with growth in all three segments. Operationally, we saw improvements in a number of key metrics, such as manufacturing cycle times, linearity, and on-time delivery. These improvements give me confidence that we are preparing the company to more efficiently support the growth we are forecasting in the years ahead. The strong operational performance helped us deliver non-GAAP gross margin of 47.4%, which was up 100 basis points year over year.

Non-GAAP operating expenses of $1.26 billion were up 8% year over year. And over 70% of the increase was driven by R&D programs aimed at the technology inflections Gary described. Non-GAAP EPS of $2.12 was up 12% year over year and $0.01 below our highest EPS quarter ever. Turning to cash flows and profit distributions in Q3, we generated nearly $2.4 billion in operating cash flow and over $2 billion in free cash flow.

We distributed nearly $1.2 billion to shareholders, including the first $0.40 per-share dividend and $861 million in stock buybacks. Turning to the segments, semiconductor systems sales were $4.92 billion in Q3, up 5% year over year. Segment non-GAAP operating margin was 35%, up 130 basis points year over year. From a device perspective, our DRAM sales grew nearly 50% year over year to $1.16 billion.

Our DRAM sales in China declined sequentially as we anticipated, and this contributed to our company revenue in China declining by 11 percentage points sequentially to 32%, which is in line with our longer-term average inclusive of semi systems, AGS, and display. Our NAND memory sales grew 10% year over year to $203 million. Our foundry/logic sales were down 4% year over year to $3.56 billion. Leading-edge foundry/logic demand was lower year over year but continued to strengthen on a sequential basis.

We continue to expect to generate more than $2.5 billion in system revenue from gate-all-around nodes this calendar year, with the potential to more than double next year. Our ICAPS business remained strong overall, with pockets of weakness in the auto and industrial end markets. Longer term, we expect the ICAPS market to remain around half the foundry/logic market as major inflections in IoT, autonomous and electric vehicles, and the global energy transformation are expected to drive mid to high single-digit through-cycle growth in ICAPS semiconductors well into the future. We are investing in new products to compete in more areas of the ICAPS semiconductor and packaging ecosystem.

We are also working with our customers to enable new power and sensor device architecture inflections using our co-optimized and integrated materials systems. Next, Applied global services delivered record revenue of $1.58 billion in Q3, which was up 8% year over year. AGS recurring parts, services, and software revenue grew more than twice as fast as overall segment revenue during the quarter. AGS non-GAAP operating margin of 29.6% was up 230 basis points year over year, and non-GAAP operating profit was a record $467 million.

From a business perspective, customer factory utilization continued to strengthen during the quarter across memory, foundry/logic, and advanced packaging. Our leading indicators of future AGS growth remain positive. Our installed base of systems and chambers increased 7% year over year, and our average revenue per unit increased even more. Our average subscription agreement length increased to 2.8 years, and the renewal rate was above 90%.

We continue to expect AGS to grow at a low double-digit rate over the long term. As a reminder, the consistency of our profitable growth in services gives us confidence in our ability to continue to increase our dividend per share. In fact, over the past 10 years, we have increased the dividend per share at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 15%. Moving to display, Q3 revenue of $251 million was up 7% year over year, and segment non-GAAP operating margin was 6.4%.

While LCD equipment spending remains low, we are becoming more confident that the OLED technology found in smartphones will be adopted in notebook PCs and tablets, whose larger screen sizes will require a significant increase in capital investments. Applied has built a leadership position in deposition and e-beam metrology technologies for the display industry, and we are well-positioned to enable our customers to convert the notebook PC and tablet markets to OLED technology over the coming years. Now, I'll share our guidance for Q4. We expect company revenue of $6.93 billion, plus or minus $400 million; and non-GAAP EPS of $2.18, plus or minus $0.18, both up 3% year over year at the midpoint.

Within this outlook, we expect semi systems revenue of around $5.1 billion, which is up 4% year over year; AGS revenue of about $1.61 billion, which is up 9% year over year; and Display revenue of around $200 million. We expect non-GAAP gross margin to be approximately 47.4% and non-GAAP operating expenses to be around $1.275 billion. Finally, we are modeling a tax rate of 12.5%. Thank you.

And now, Mike, let's begin the Q&A.

Michael Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

Thanks, Brice. To help us reach as many people as we can, please ask just one question on today's call. If you have another question, please requeue, and we'll do our best to come back to you later in the session. Operator, let's please begin.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our first question comes from the line of C.J. Muse from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your question, please.

C.J. Muse -- Analyst

Yeah, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question. I guess, for my question, I was hoping you could speak to how your outlook for WFE in the second half of the year and for all of 2025 has evolved over the last three months. Obviously, tremendous strength anything AI related, but elsewhere, you know, kind of seasonal at best.

So, I guess, first part of the question is, can you share with us how you're thinking about your silicon business in the second half of calendar '24 versus the first half, and then, you know, the early signs that you see today, and how that informs kind of your view both positive and negative into 2025? Thanks so much.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

OK, C.J. Thanks for joining the call. I think, you know, what we're seeing in the business today when we look at Q3 and our Q4 outlook, you know, very strong energy around the AI inflections that Gary talked about. So, leading-edge is accelerating.

We highlighted that in the prepared remarks. We're -- you know, our forecast for $2.5 billion of gate-all-around related equipment in this fiscal year, we haven't changed that forecast. That stays the same. And when we think about DRAM and HBM memory, those kind of all go along with this energy we're seeing around the AI inflections and investments in that area.

At the same time, our ICAPS business, in both Q3 and Q4, remains very strong. We think that's robust. We can dig into that a little bit more during the call. But, you know, if anything, over the last 30 days, you ask us, you know, how we're feeling about the outlook, I would say the ICAPS business continues -- it seems like every quarter, we sort of raise our expectations with respect to ICAPS.

So, a lot of energy around leading-edge, ICAPS remaining strong, a very strong year for DRAM and HBM. Those are kind of key themes. For '25, we're not giving specific guidance. But we just say, we're pretty enthusiastic about gate-all-around and the technologies we've talked about on the leading-edge.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Stacy Rasgon from Bernstein Research. Your question, please.

Stacy Rasgon -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to dig into the China revenues a little bit. So, 32% of revenue this quarter.

It sounds like a lot of that was DRAM. I guess, was it all DRAM? And then, in the guidance for next quarter and I guess your expectations going forward from there, do you expect the China mix to be staying around these levels in the low 30%, or does it go higher or lower? Is there anything else going on with China that we need to be aware of?

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Great. Thanks for joining, Stacy. So, yeah, on the 32%, I'll shift your perspective on that just a little bit. So, the 32% is almost no DRAM to China.

So, you've got it right. Our business mix to China declined to 32%. And if I think back in time, just to remind everybody, if we go just over a year back, it was like, you know, 17% mix to China. We were having supply chain issues.

So, it was very low at that point. In the last three quarters, we bounced up to the mid-40s while we served the DRAM that we could ship, and that's the prior three quarters. And we feel this quarter 32% is probably normal for us or in the normal range for us, that's across our entire business for shipments to China. And what it really represents is ICAPS.

And the ICAPS market, you know, in total has been very robust. We think it will be a record year in our fiscal year for ICAPS. And China also, we would call it robust. There's -- we're adding customers.

Utilizations are improving. It's a, you know, wide variety of products and factories. So, we think that market is robust both in Q3 and in Q4. So, that gives you a sense of what's happening for us.

And then, next quarter, you know, we'll have a small amount of DRAM, but nothing like we've had the prior three quarters.

Stacy Rasgon -- Analyst

So, is it fair to say that you still see the mix in the low-30s next quarter to China?

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Yeah, we expect that mix approximately normal, which we call 30% for the next quarter, yes.

Stacy Rasgon -- Analyst

Got it. That's helpful. Thank you, guys.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Srini Pajjuri from Raymond James. Your question, please.

Srini Pajjuri -- Analyst

Thank you. Brice, just to follow up to the previous question on China DRAM, you know, obviously, you said it's near-zero levels. Can you talk to your visibility as to when -- you know, if you're seeing any, you know, hope on the horizon? Do you expect DRAM to come back at some point in China? And then, also ICAPS, you said the demand is pretty strong in China. Can you talk to what kind of trends you're seeing outside of China for ICAPS? Thank you.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Yes. Thanks, Srini. Thanks for joining. So, yeah, the China DRAM in Q3 and Q4 will be at nominal levels.

We have speculated you may see new investments in DRAM there. I don't have any comments to make on that specifically for the roadmap. But I would say that DRAM globally is very strong, should be a very, very strong year for DRAM. Of course, that includes some of that China volume, but we think that goes along with the, you know, mix to HBM.

And utilizations in DRAM have improved, and there's a lot of energy around, you know, the high-bandwidth memory for the leading-edge systems. And then, on the ICAPS side, you know, no surprise here for probably anybody. We expect, you know, the edge technologies that we describe as ICAPS to grow mid to high single digits over time. And that's driven by the inflections that we talk about, which is, you know, clean energy, renewable power, electrification, those sorts of -- AI edge sensors, all those sorts of usages.

So, mid to high single digits is our view long term. And when we look at China for both Q3 and Q4 and the entire ICAPS business, I said before, it's probably going to be a record for us in our fiscal year. And, you know, it's not just China. We've had regions -- other regions grow during this quarter.

Srini Pajjuri -- Analyst

Got it. Thanks, Brice.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Vivek Arya from Bank of America Securities. Your question, please.

Vivek Arya -- Analyst

Thanks for taking my question. I'm curious if we should bake in the impact of any capex cuts that were announced recently at Intel. What does that imply for just the overall WFE market for the remainder of the year and into next year? From your comments, it doesn't seem like it's having a big impact. Is the assumption that whatever capex has been cut there is being increased somewhere else, or just what are the puts and takes? Because it is a fairly sizable capex cut, which we are seeing as more WFE in terms of the mix.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Yes. Thanks for joining, Vivek. Our outlook, we're not changing our outlook. We're still saying $2.5 billion on the leading-edge for gate-all-around in this fiscal year.

And when we think about next year, you know, we've just had -- we've had every quarter accelerating this year in the leading-edge. And we think that's being driven by a lot of the excitement around AI and AI data center. So, we get, as I think you know, we get regular updates from our customers. And our outlook that we've just given for Q4 is up to date with all of our customers.

So, I think, you know, we tend to think of the market as a macro level. Customers update us all the time. But no real change to our view for leading-edge looking forward.

Vivek Arya -- Analyst

Thank you, Brice.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Chris Caso from Wolfe Research. Your question, please.

Chris Caso -- Analyst

Yes, thank you. Good evening. Question is on foundry/logic, and, perhaps, you could give some color on the growth you're expecting into '25 driven by some of the new process nodes such as gate-all-around as compared to capacity. Because we know foundry capacity has -- additions have taken a pause here.

Are you seeing any signs of that starting to improve either as you go through the second half of '24 into '25?

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Yes. Thanks, Chris, and thanks for joining. You know, when we think about leading logic, actually I'll make a comment for utilizations. We've seen utilizations improve in every single end market this quarter and our expectation is for that to continue next quarter, so DRAM, NAND, ICAPS, and leading-edge.

And no change to our expectation on absolute leading-edge investment, gate-all-around technologies, not changing our number for this fiscal year. And we do think it's a harbinger for acceleration next year as we look forward. You know, we're not giving a guide for '25, but we think there's a lot of energy around the AI markets. And, you know, we see that in HBM, we see that in DRAM, we see that in leading-edge acceleration.

So, you know, we'll hope that those trends continue.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Krish Sankar from TD Cowen. Your question, please.

Krish Sankar -- Analyst

Yeah, hi. Thanks for taking my question. Gary or Brice, I'm kind of curious about -- I know you don't want to comment on next year. But qualitatively, you see there's optimism on DRAM and NAND WFE is growing.

But if you strip out HBM, you're beginning to see big demand in memory pricing, moderate for DDR and NAND compared to the first half of this year. So, I'm curious how to think about DRAM and NAND WFE next year relative to this year. And what end markets actually drive up spending next year?

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

OK, Chris. You're right, we won't give a guide for '25 specifically, but we do think that DRAM -- even outside of HBM, we do think that DRAM will put new capacity in place, so we expect investment in DRAM. There has been additions in wafer start capacity in DRAM, and, you know, there's more allocation of the DRAM capacity to HBM as you sort of highlight. So, the investment level there is higher than NAND.

Looking forward to NAND, NAND still remains fairly low, but we did see, as I highlighted, utilizations improving. I would call them probably normal range for both DRAM and NAND. We see prices improve. We saw inventory positions improve at the vendors.

So, we think it's a more positive environment looking forward than prior quarters for actually both memory technologies.

Krish Sankar -- Analyst

Thanks, Brice.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Joseph Moore from Morgan Stanley. Your question, please.

Joseph Moore -- Analyst

Great. Thank you. It looks like you had some good solid growth from the services business again. Are you benefiting there from the utilization increases in memory that you just talked about? Are you seeing offsetting utilization declines on the ICAPS services side? And then, any indication of customers worry about export controls, stockpiling on spares, anything like that? Just any puts and takes around that service growth.

Thank you.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Hi, Joe. Yes, thank you. Services business, you know, very exciting for us. We grew 8% year over year in Q3, 9% is our expectation for Q4.

And just a reminder for everybody, we expect low double-digit growth going forward. We're expanding our services book with customers, kind of getting into information, AI-related services that help them ramp, etc. We actually did expect a little more growth in Q3. We had thought we would grow double-digits this year.

We're just short of that. And it's because utilization, while it grew, it grew a little bit less than we -- or a little bit slower than we thought. So, there's good news here. Utilizations are improving across the whole system, 8% year-over-year growth for us.

And we expect that to pick up, as I highlighted, as we go into Q3 and looking forward. And just, you know, one other comment just for the rest of the investors. The other thing with this business since it's mostly recurring revenue for us about 85%, you know, that gives us a very stable operating profit and growing. And so, we think about our dividend as being enabled by the profits from the services business, and that gives us confidence we'll be able to raise our dividend looking forward.

Gary E. Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Hi, Joe. Just maybe a little bit more color. If you look at what really all of our customers are focused on, there is a race for these new device architectures, and the complexity is going up a significant. And in the prepared remarks, I talked about 30% of our tools are these integrated platforms that have a high degree of complexity.

So, you know, as these customers are racing to bring these new devices, complex devices to market, and also we're shipping more and more of these integrated platforms with multiple technologies, that also gives us a really good tailwind.

Joseph Moore -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Joe Quatrochi from Wells Fargo. Your question, please.

Joe Quatrochi -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Yeah, thanks for taking the question. Wanted to ask about the advanced packaging. I think based on the revenue expectations you have for HBM and advanced packaging, it implied basically that the nonmemory advanced packaging relatively unchanged year over year. Is that the right way to think about it? And if so, why wouldn't that grow this year?

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

I think so, Joe. In our forecast, you know, we highlighted that advanced packaging was $1.1 billion last year, should grow to $1.7 billion this year, and we highlighted that $600 million of the growth would come from HBM-related equipment. So, I think you're thinking about it right. It was probably stable this year with HBM, high-bandwidth memory, driving the growth in that area.

And again, we would point back to the, you know, energy around high performance systems and sort of the race Gary talks about to develop, you know, systems optimized for the AI workload. So, there's a lot of energy there at this point. And then, just the last thing is we have highlighted that the total packaging business sort of, to your point, $1.7 billion, we think it has the opportunity to double over several years looking forward, given the energy around, you know, advanced packaging technologies. So, we'll keep investing there.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Toshiya Hari from Goldman Sachs. Your question, please.

Toshiya Hari -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you so much for taking the question. I was hoping you could speak to gross margins and how you're thinking about profitability going forward, the puts and takes, Brice. And, Gary, you talked about complexity growing and how, you know, things like IMS contributing toward 30% of your business and that number growing over time.

I would think your ability to price would improve going forward. What am I missing in terms of, again, the puts and takes as it pertains to gross margins? Thank you.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

OK. Thank you, Toshiya. I'll start on that. So, 47.4% gross margin for us in the quarter.

We're actually very pleased with our performance in cost and pricing this quarter. And I'll just highlight, as our mix to China, which are generally smaller customers, declined during the quarter to 32%, that gave us some headwinds on the gross margin side. We were able to get some pricing performance and also some cost improvements and improvements in managing our inventory that helped us offset that mix decline and deliver 47.4% in the quarter. Since the China mix is 32%, we call that normal.

I'll say now that 47.4% should be approximately our baseline level. And then, we look forward, we've talked about a goal of getting to 48% or higher next year, that's still our goal. We think we can make improvements going forward. There's a couple of headwinds if services or display grow faster than the core business that can be a headwind.

But that's still our goal, and we think we'll make -- continue to make cost and pricing improvements. And then, Gary on the --

Gary E. Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah, Toshiya, you know, again, our focus is really to enable our customers to accelerate their innovations for these new architectures especially around AI data center. That data center will pass smartphones and PCs relative to wafer starts. Everybody is focused on energy-efficient computing. So, these inflections are incredibly important for the entire ecosystem.

Whoever gets there first wins big and everybody else is left behind. So, we're driving tremendous innovations in foundry/logic, leading-edge, high-bandwidth memory, DRAM, there's new architecture inflections, I talked about 4F2, advanced packaging. So, our positions in all of those inflections are very strong. We're on track to capture more than 50% of the inflection spending as those new devices ramp.

And our goal is to move the needle for our customers and for Applied, and that includes how we drive value for them and how we drive our margins higher.

Toshiya Hari -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Harlan Sur from JPMorgan. Your question, please.

Harlan Sur -- Analyst

Yeah, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. So, as we look at those companies that are pushing the absolute limits on advanced manufacturing technologies like 2-nanometer and 3-nanometer, and they're maxing out theoretical field limits. You know, they're also pushing advanced packaging technologies.

Their design -- you know, these are the guys that are designing the AI and accelerated compute GPUs, accelerators, for example. So, what we're hearing is that most of today's designs on these next-generation chips are targeting [Inaudible] second half of '25 and beyond. They're specifically focused around these new 3D SoIC architectures. So, using hybrid bonding, chip-stacking approach, 3-nanometer on 3-nanometer die, 2-nanometer die on 3-nanometer die.

You know, the manufacturability challenges here are pretty significant, right? But similar to your front-end integrated solutions, I mean, the team has been working on an integrated hybrid bonding system with some of your partners. What's the timeline for introducing these integrated solutions? And will you be trying to intercept these next-generation of 3D SoIC solutions coming to market, let's say, in the 2026 timeframe?

Gary E. Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Hi, Harlan. Thanks for the question. So, heterogeneous integration is one of the biggest areas of focus for Applied and for the entire industry. At our AI event, along with AMD at SEMICON, there was a discussion around driving 100x improvement in energy-efficient computing.

So, again, this is the big race that everybody is focused on. And certainly, packaging is a key part of that. So, we're in deep engagements, really, you know, multiple technology nodes, five, 10 years out into the future. And there's going to be tremendous innovations.

If you look even at new DRAM technologies like 4F2 or high-bandwidth memory, you're going to see adoption of hybrid bonding technologies that are going to be really important for those parts of this ecosystem. And you mentioned what's happening from a logic standpoint. So, I think the great thing for Applied is we have this broad portfolio in packaging. We have, as you mentioned, the hybrid bonding, digital lithography.

We have other new technologies in the pipeline that even expand our portfolio further. We have an advanced full flow packaging lab in Singapore, where we're driving co-innovation with our customers to accelerate those architecture inflections. So, I think this is going to be one of the most exciting segments of the market going forward. We're at about $1.7 billion today.

We've talked about doubling the packaging revenue over the next few years. And I think it's going to keep going from there. Again, this is a really key part of the industry drive for energy-efficient computing.

Harlan Sur -- Analyst

Thank you, Gary.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Charles Shi from Needham and Company. Your question, please.

Charles Shi -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Hi, good afternoon. I want to follow up on the China question. Looks like your China revenue has well past the peak around almost the $3 billion per quarter level. Now, it's down to like in the low $2 billion.

And based on the commentary, it sounds like you are still expecting roughly 40%-ish of the China revenue growth year on year. But I mean, should the current dollar revenue level sustain into this year? I'm just hoping if you can give us any color because that would imply the China revenue probably is going down year on year, roughly 15%, 20% next year. I know you're not guiding, but that will be the conclusion I draw up on all the commentary you provided. Plus, I do want to get a little bit more insights.

If I compare the China revenue performance of Applied Materials with some of your process control peers, like KLA, they were expecting China to be flat into the second half, but you're obviously seeing a half-over-half decline. Since you have the PDC business and I was hoping you definitely will have some insights into what drives the dispersion there. Thank you.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

OK, Charles. Thanks for joining. I think I would separate between ICAPS, the edge technology markets, and the DRAM market for China. We had three quarters with elevated shipments that we described where we caught up on what was allowed from a DRAM perspective.

If you separate that out, we're currently not expecting that to repeat, at least nothing near that magnitude for next year. So, that leaves us with the ICAPS market. And what we expect in the ICAPS market, our Q3 and Q4 and all of this year has been very strong in ICAPS. When we look at China in particular, utilizations are improving.

We're adding customers. We've got a large number of factory projects that are building out. So, if you strip out your estimate for those extraordinary DRAM shipments the last three quarters, you know, our expectation over time is that the ICAPS market will grow. We say mid to high single digits.

We will make a call for next year, but, you know, we would expect growth over time.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Brian Chin from Stifel. Your question, please.

Brian Chin -- Analyst

Hi, there. Good afternoon. Thanks for letting us ask a question. So, if I look at the past three years, past three 10-Ks, TSMC was your largest customer.

But they weren't 10% in either the April or January quarters. Taiwan, as a geography, was a little higher this quarter. Did TSMC cross the 10% threshold in fiscal 3Q? And then, even bigger picture, this overall pattern would seem to suggest a pretty favorable year-over-year compare moving into 2025 when you think about the type of spending gate-all-around and expansions being discussed. And so just kind of wanted to get maybe your view on that.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Yes. TSMC was a 10% customer in Q3. And we think -- obviously, they're a large part of that leading-edge investment when we think about the gate-all-around technologies and lot of the energy being driven there as we look forward. You know, one of the other callers talked about the need for innovation, and Gary talked about the need for innovation on leading-edge.

There's a lot of energy around that. We see acceleration each quarter on -- of this year on leading-edge and really haven't changed our outlook as we've moved through the year.

Brian Chin -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Blayne Curtis from Jefferies. Your question, please.

Blayne Curtis -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for letting me ask a question. I was maybe a little confused on some of the history with ICAPS and the strength. I thought you were talking about last quarter that segment kind of being down slightly. I think you just said mid to high single digits.

So, maybe I have my reference point wrong, but also maybe it'd be helpful if you could just talk about the growth you saw in July, 15% sequentially for foundry/logic. Can you just relate that to leading-edge in ICAPS? I think the reception is leading-edge is very strong, but it sounds like your comments on ICAPS are suggesting that ICAPS is also strong. But then, I'm trying to put that all with like the comment that it's going to be 50% of the mix, which I think that -- I thought that business is running a lot higher. So, if you kind of just help the full history and then how July played out would be helpful.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Yes. Thanks, Blayne. So, in the quarter, we did see strength in both end markets, leading logic and ICAPS. Leading logic is accelerating every quarter this year, and we said ICAPS is very strong and continues to be strong throughout the year.

This will probably be a record year for us in ICAPS for our fiscal year anyway. And so, you know, leading logic is accelerating based on the gate-all-around investments and the AI trends that we're talking about. And then, ICAPS, we put the -- the mid to high single digits was a longer-term forecast. We've had utilizations improving.

And when we think about that market, we don't give a guide for next year, but we think there will be continued growth in the mid to high single digits as all those different end markets like AI sensors, electrification, autonomous vehicles, renewable energy, all those end markets continue to build out and grow faster than GDP. That's our expectation.

Blayne Curtis -- Analyst

Thanks for that.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Jed Dorsheimer from William Blair. Your question, please. [Operator instructions]

Jed Dorsheimer -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for taking my question. Just a two-part one on the ICAPS, Gary. So, first, you know, in that business, I was just over in some of your -- some of the fabs or your customers over in Malaysia last week. And it seems like capacity expansion outside of China has started again after some of the EV pressures have shifted to opportunities in power density in data centers.

So, I'm just wondering if you could comment on that. And then, secondly, just as it relates to services for ICAPS, is that the same as on leading-edge, or are there nuances in terms of the amount and timing there? Thanks.

Gary E. Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Hi, Jed. Yeah. So, ICAPS, we're very bullish on ICAPS longer term. Brice talked about kind of mid, high single-digit growth rates in ICAPS over time, growth driven by all of those different segments, IoT, industrial automation, robotics, really, edge computing also for AI.

You know, we think that's going to be a really strong business over -- I think many of the people on the call know that over five years ago, it's actually April 12, 2019, we formed our ICAPS group. And since we formed that group just to focus on that market for IoT, communication, auto power, and sensors, you know, we've had share gains in that market. We've introduced more than 20 major new ICAPS products. And this group is just completely focused on innovation in those device segments.

And there are races that are happening there. Your comment on what's happening on the different device segments, if you look at power electronics, there will be some major architecture inflections that will happen there that are important for electric vehicles and renewable energy. And we have an ICAPS architecture innovation group working -- co-innovating with our customers on those new ICAPS architectures. That's part of the strategy that we've built over the last five years.

We have new products that are in the pipeline that will serve large ICAPS new segments and new products for cost competitive applications. So, again, it's been a big focus for us over a number of years. We've built tremendous capabilities. From a service standpoint, you know, ICAPS is also a good market for us.

And, you know, that's part of that overall growth opportunity for us, not only on systems where we've gained a significant amount of share. I'm very positive on how we're positioned. The actions that we've taken, I think, really position us going forward in ICAPS. Brice, I don't know if you want to add anything else.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

No, I would just say that two of our regions grew during this Q3. So, if the question is, is there investment in other areas of the world? Absolutely. And, you know, we expect that to continue. Thanks for the question, Jed.

Michael Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

And operator, we have time for two more questions, please.

Operator

Certainly. And our next question comes from the line of Mehdi Hosseini from Susquehanna. Your question, please.

Mehdi Hosseini -- Analyst

Yeah. Thanks for taking my question. Just a very quick follow-up for Brice. If you could give us an update with the progression toward that 48%, 49% gross margin target, I assume that's for fiscal year '25, and how the funding for the EPIC R&D center, which I think is a $4 billion project, is going to impact those targets? Thank you.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

OK. Thanks, Mehdi. So, the update -- you know, the gross margin at 47.4%, we expect to make -- we talked about very gradual improvements as we work toward that 48%. And that would still be my expectation.

You see actually, you know, the movement between last quarter and this quarter was modest. We fought those headwinds that we had from a mix perspective. On the EPIC, you know, we did get the notice that we're not getting the grants, but EPIC, that's an important platform for us. It stands for Equipment, Process Innovation, and Commercialization.

It's going to allow us to accelerate co-innovation with all of our customers. We are continuing with that investment. It will elevate our capex as we look forward. And we are benefiting from the investment tax credit that's related to those types of projects.

So, we still do have some help from the government from that perspective. And just a couple other modeling notes since we're on capex. So, as we look forward, you know, the capex will -- for the EPIC center and in general will be at a higher run rate than we've had in the past. If you look forward in your modeling, just wanted to highlight that Q1 will be our normal step-up for pay-related increases and that you can look at the history to see what that step-up should look like if you're modeling that.

And then, the last piece would be our tax rate. Tax rate next year expectation will be 14% versus the 12.5% this year as more of our mix will be -- more of our worldwide mix will be U.S. related. So, that will change the tax mix.

So, thanks for the opportunity to get those in there.

Gary E. Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah, Mehdi, this is Gary. Maybe just a little bit more color on EPIC, you know, as we've talked about, the whole industry is in a race to be first to market to deliver innovations for energy-efficient computing. So, we -- in discussions with our partners, our customers and partners, we really believe that EPIC can enable us to innovate the way we innovate, really innovate in parallel, so accelerating both for our customers and partners and for Applied, our ability to bring those energy-efficient innovations to market. So, you know, the concept we're getting tremendous traction and pull with our customers and partners.

And we also think of EPIC as a global platform. So, where we make investments is going to be based on incentives, talents, proximity to innovation ecosystem. So, we are moving forward for sure with this EPIC concept. Very good traction with customers.

And again, over the last several years, we've built out this innovation engine inside Applied Materials. We have architecture innovation teams that are working on ICAPS. They're working on foundry/logic and DRAM and packaging. We have this unique and connected portfolio of materials innovations that are crucial for all of those major inflections.

So, EPIC is a way for us to innovate the way we innovate to move all of that in parallel to accelerate all of these major inflections that are crucial for AI, data center, and all those major tectonic shifts in technology that we talked about earlier. But again, where we invest is going to be based on incentives, talent, and proximity to local innovation ecosystem.

Michael Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

Great. Thanks, Mehdi, for your question.

Mehdi Hosseini -- Analyst

Thank you.

Michael Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

I think we're approaching the end of the hour. So, Brice, I'm going to go ahead and ask if you have any closing thoughts for us.

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

OK. Thanks, Mike. From my perspective, I'm pleased that the investments we've been making in the technology roadmap inflections and also in our operational capabilities are showing up in our financial results this quarter on both the revenue and gross margin lines. I believe we put the company in a great position to grow along with megatrends like data center AI as a whole host of new technologies come to market across leading-edge, foundry/logic, DRAM, advanced packaging, and ICAPS specialty chips.

We have the fuel we need to keep driving the materials engineering roadmap with our customers, while also distributing profits to our shareholders through dividends and buybacks. Gary will be at the Goldman Sachs conference in San Francisco on September 11th, and I hope to see many of you at the Citi conference in New York on September 4th. Mike, thank you, and please close the call.

Michael Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

OK. Thanks, Brice. And we'd like to thank everybody for joining us today. A replay of today's call is going to be available on the IR page of our website by 5 o'clock Pacific Time.

Thank you for your continued interest in Applied Materials.

Operator

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. [Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Michael Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

Gary E. Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Brice Hill -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Global Information Services

Mike Sullivan -- Corporate Vice President, Investor Relations and Marketing Communications

C.J. Muse -- Analyst

Stacy Rasgon -- Analyst

Srini Pajjuri -- Analyst

Vivek Arya -- Analyst

Chris Caso -- Analyst

Krish Sankar -- Analyst

Joseph Moore -- Analyst

Gary Dickerson -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Joe Quatrochi -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Toshiya Hari -- Analyst

Harlan Sur -- Analyst

Charles Shi -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Brian Chin -- Analyst

Blayne Curtis -- Analyst

Jed Dorsheimer -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Mehdi Hosseini -- Analyst

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Applied Materials (AMAT) Q3 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool