Participants

Nikhil Bhalla; Treasurer, SVP of Finance; RLJ Lodging Trust

Leslie Hale; President, Chief Executive Officer; RLJ Lodging Trust

Sean Mahoney; Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President; RLJ Lodging Trust

Thomas Bardenett; Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice President; RLJ Lodging Trust

Michael Bellisario; Analyst; Robert W. Baird & Co

Tyler Batory; Analyst; Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.

Josh Friedland; Analyst; KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.

Dori Kesten; Analyst; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

Anthony Powell; Analyst; Barclays Bank PLC

Gregory Miller; Analyst; Truist Securities, Inc

Chris Darling; Analyst; Green Street Advisors

Presentation

Operator

Welcome to the RLJ Lodging Trust First Quarter 2024 earnings call. As a reminder, all participants are in listen-only mode and the conference is being recorded. After the presentation there will be an opportunity to ask questions. If anyone should require operator assistance during the please press star zero on your telephone. I would now like to turn the call over to Nikhil Bhalla, Senior Vice President, Finance and Treasurer. Go ahead.

Nikhil Bhalla

Thank you, operator. Good morning, and welcome to RLJ Lodging Trust's 2024 first quarter earnings call. On today's call. Leslie Hale, our President and Chief Executive Officer, will discuss key highlights for the quarter. Sean Mahoney, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, will discuss the company's financial results Tom Wagner, our Chief Operating Officer, will be available for Q&A. Forward-looking statements made on this call are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that may lead the company's actual results to differ materially from what had been communicated. Factors that may impact the results of the Company can be found in the Company's 10-Q and other reports filed with the SEC. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements. Also as we discuss certain non-GAAP measures, it may be helpful to review the reconciliations to GAAP located in our press release. I will now turn the call over to Leslie.

Leslie Hale

Thanks to Ciel. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We are pleased that our momentum from last year has continued with our first quarter results once again exceeding the industry. These results were in line with our expectations, which anticipated the impact of the holiday shift in March. Against this backdrop, we were encouraged to see urban markets once again lead the way for the overall industry during the first quarter.
In addition to delivering RevPAR growth and growing our RevPAR index, we executed on a number of fronts, including making progress on our next wave of conversions, expanding our pipeline of conversions with the acquisition of the Wyndham Boston Beacon Hill, executing multiple high return ROI projects and taking steps to further ladder our debt maturities. Overall, our relative outperformance during the first quarter continues to demonstrate our multiple channels have grown with respect to our operating performance our first quarter RevPAR increased by 1% over last year, primarily driven by increase in occupancy.
As we expected, our growth was constrained by the shift of Easter into March, which muted citywide and other group activity during the most significant month of the quarter. Additionally, cold and rainy weather in California and South Florida negatively impacted these markets during the quarter in light of this, we were pleased by our portfolio's RevPAR growth, which outperformed the industry by 80 basis points, and we also gained 110 basis points of market share underscoring the growth profile of our portfolio. The growth in our portfolio was broad-based with a number of our urban markets achieving mid to high single digit RevPAR growth. Urban markets are continuing to benefit from robust group activity, improving inbound international demand and most notably the steady improvement in corporate travel.
From a segmentation perspective, our business transient revenues outpaced our other segments during the quarter with BT achieving revenue growth of 13%, driven by a balanced contribution between occupancy and ADR. The recovery in business transient is benefiting from continued strength in travel from SMEs, in addition to the broadening of corporate travel across industries such as consulting, technology and financial services, which is being aided by the return-to-work office mandates, improving corporate demand enabled our midweek RevPAR to grow by 2.4% during the quarter relative to group demand.
The strong booking momentum from last year continued during January and February, which achieved robust revenue increases of 10% and 9%, respectively. The strength of demand led our group ADR to increase by approximately 3% during the first quarter, despite a soft March. We expect group demand to remain strong for the remainder of the year as evidenced by our full year pace at 106% with the third and fourth quarters being the strongest of this year.
Leisure demand remains healthy as demonstrated by our leisure revenues increasing by 2% during the first quarter, driven primarily by the strength of our urban leisure, which increased by 3%. Urban leisure continues to be bolstered by a robust volume, social events such as concerts and sporting events. Additionally, over spring break, our leisure also benefited from our Sweet mix, which represents 50% of our portfolio. Our top line growth was amplified by our 7.7% growth in our out-of-room spend, which was driven by the continuing success of our ROI initiatives, leading to total revenue growth of 3.1%. We are also encouraged by the improving operating expense landscape with the growth of cost per occupied room continuing to decelerate. Our top line growth translated to hotel EBITDA margins of 27.4%.
From a capital allocation perspective, we are seeing strong returns from our investments during the first quarter, our conversions in Charleston, Mandalay Beach and Santa Monica achieved 26.5% RevPAR growth. Strong ramp that these properties are achieving further bolsters our confidence in our ability to unlock significant value in our next wave of conversions. We remain on track to complete the conversion of a Doubletree Houston Medical Center Hotel to now and New Orleans and the bankers ally in Nashville this year. Additionally, we are advancing on the planning of our conversion of the Wyndham Pittsburgh university center to a Courtyard and the Renaissance Pittsburgh to Marriott's Autograph Collection, both of which will be delivered in 2025.
During the first quarter, we expanded our pipeline of conversion opportunities by acquiring the fee-simple interest in the Wyndham Boston Beacon Hill. We have made great progress with our plans to unlock the embedded value at this hotel, which sits in an irreplaceable A-plus location surrounded by Mass General Hospital, and it's undergoing a $1.8 billion expansion. We remain confident that we can unlock over 40% of EBITDA upside following the repositioning of this property. We expect this property to be included in our next phase of conversions, and we'll give more color later this year.
In addition to our large scale conversions, we are unlocking additional embedded value across our portfolio by also prioritizing our investments in markets poised to outperform. Since the beginning of the year, we have been executing on a number of high-return ROI projects to increase out of room spending by reimagining and optimizing nonrevenue-generating space.
For example, at the Residence Inn in Bethesda, we took advantage of our rooftop with City views to create a new bar and entertainment space at the Embassy Suites LAX, we transformed the lobby, creating multifunctional social and small group meeting space at the Doubletree, often located adjacent to the State Capitol. We added new guestrooms and elevated the lobby bar at the Doubletree suites, Orlando at Disney, we reimagined lobby to incorporate a new very profitable market.
And at the Embassy Suites, Deerfield Beach Resort. We created a new indoor outdoor oceanfront bar. It added a new profit center in the form of a sundries market. Our group mix in banquet and catering revenues are already seeing the benefits of these space reconfiguration projects. We expect these ROI projects to continue to ramp through the remainder of this year and contribute to our total revenues achieving growth ahead of RevPAR.
In addition to our internal investments, our pipeline of external growth opportunities has continued to build our competitive advantage as an all-cash buyer is enabling us to build an actionable pipeline. That said, we will continue to maintain our discipline as we have demonstrated. As we look ahead, we are cognizant of the macroeconomic uncertainty that exists.
However, we remain constructive on the outlook for lodging fundamentals for the rest of the year. Our outlook is supported by the continued momentum in the recovery business transient, the outsized growth trends in urban markets, especially those with healthy citywides, leisure attractions, special events and exposure to inbound international travel. We believe that the momentum in these segments should allow urban markets to continue to outperform the industry for the second quarter, we expect RevPAR growth to sequentially improve from the first quarter may is forecast to be the strongest month of the quarter, given robust citywide activity in a number of our markets such as Boston, Washington, D.C., Southern California, as well, our Louisville market, which will benefit on the 150th anniversary of the Kentucky Derby.
As we move into the second half of the year, we expect RevPAR growth to strengthen further due to citywide calendars and the location of many large-scale events. This will be favorable to our portfolio. Given our footprint in markets such as Boston, we should continue to benefit from citywides in addition to robust business and international travel, supported by the growth in financial services, biotech and education. Southern California should benefit from a healthy citywide calendar growth from our conversions in Santa Monica and mentally Beach and improving business transient demand from aerospace and a backlog of demand from Hollywood related industries as well as increased inbound international travel, especially from Asia and Washington DC will benefit from a strong citywide calendar in the second half of the year.
Collectively, this should allow us to continue to exceed industry growth. Longer term, we remain optimistic about the trajectory of lodging fundamentals, which should benefit and growth in all segments of demand given the ongoing consumer preferences towards experiences, especially against the backdrop of an elongated period of limited new supply. Relative to these dynamics, our urban-centric portfolio is well positioned. I will now turn the call over to Sean. Sean?

Sean Mahoney

Thanks, Leslie. To start, our comparable numbers include our 96 hotels owned throughout the first quarter. Our reported corporate adjusted EBITDA and FFO include operating results from all sold and acquired hotels during our RJ's ownership periods. As Leslie said, we were pleased to report solid first quarter operating results, which were in line with our expectations and demonstrated the strength of our high-quality urban-centric portfolio.
Our first quarter RevPAR growth of 1% was driven by a 1.2% increase in occupancy, which was slightly offset by a 0.1% decline in ADR. First quarter occupancy was 69.3%. Average daily rate was $199, and RevPAR was $138. As was noted, our business transient and midweek outperformed first quarter business transient RevPAR grew 11.6% above 2023, including ADR growth of 5% and occupancy growth of 7%. The strength in business transient was demonstrated by our weekday RevPAR growth of 2.4% above 2023, which was primarily driven by occupancy gain.
Revpar growth remained healthy in many of our urban markets, including Boston at 12%, Houston CBD at 9%, Indianapolis at 17%. San Francisco at 5%, San Diego at 8% and New York at 5%. Monthly RevPAR growth during the first quarter was 5.8% in January, 0.5% in February and declined 1.9% in March, primarily due to Easter timing. Total first quarter revenue growth benefited from continued out-of-room spend and increased 3.1% for the first quarter, including 6.2% in January, 6.1% in February, which benefited from an extra leap year day and declined 1.3% in March.
Turning to the current operating cost environment, inflationary pressures continued to normalize during the first quarter. On a per occupied room basis, total hotel operating cost growth was limited to 2.9%, which was 50 basis points lower than fourth quarter, underscoring the benefits of our portfolio construct and our initiatives to redefine our operating cost model Drilling down further into hotel operating expenses. Fixed costs such as insurance and property taxes were the most significant driver of the year-over-year increases in hotel operating expenses increasing 15% during the first quarter. The increases in fixed costs are impacting most industries and are not specific to the lodging industry. We are encouraged by the improving trends in our more controllable variables.
Hotel operating costs, which grew 4% above 2023. We're only 1.6% on a per occupied room basis and represented sequential improvement of 210 basis points and 70 basis points respectively from the fourth quarter. There are many factors that influenced these positive results with the most significant contributors being the successful restructuring of many of our third-party operating agreements and our lean operating model. During the first quarter, our portfolio achieved hotel EBITDA of $88.9 million and hotel EBITDA margins of 27.4%. We were pleased with our operating margin performance, which was only 152 basis points lower than the comparable quarter of 2023, despite continued cost pressures.
Turning to the bottom line. Our first quarter adjusted EBITDA was $79.6 million and adjusted FFO per diluted share was $0.33. We continue actively managing our balance sheet to create additional flexibility and further lower our cost of capital. Early in the second quarter, we addressed our 2024 maturities today. Our balance sheet is well positioned with $400 million available under our corporate revolver. Our current weighted average maturity is approximately 3.4 years, and 88 of our 96 hotels are unencumbered by debt. We ended the first quarter with an attractive weighted average interest rate of 4.29% and 82% of debt either fixed or hedged.
As it relates to our liquidity, we ended the quarter with approximately $350 million of unrestricted cash, $600 million of availability on our corporate revolver and $2.2 billion of debt.
With respect to capital allocation. We remain committed to returning capital to shareholders through dividends while investing in ROI projects opportunistically buying back shares and selectively pursuing acquisitions. Our current quarterly common dividend is $0.10 per share, which is well covered and supported by our free cash flow. We will continue making prudent capital allocation decisions to position our portfolio to drive results during the entire lodging cycle while monitoring the financing markets to identify additional opportunities to improve the laddering of our maturities, reduce our weighted average cost of debt and increase our overall balance sheet flexibility.
Turning to our outlook. Based on our current view, we are reaffirming our full year 2024 guidance. It assumes the continuation of the current operating and macroeconomic environment for the full year 2024, we still expect comparable RevPAR growth between 2.5% and 5.5%, comparable hotel EBITDA between $395 million and $425 million, corporate adjusted EBITDA between $360 million and $390 million and adjusted FFO per diluted share between $1.55 and $1.75.
Our outlook assumes no additional acquisitions, dispositions, refinancings or share repurchases. We still estimate 2024 RLJ capital expenditures will be in the range of $100 million to $120 million. Net expense will be in the range of $91 million to $93 million, and cash corporate G&A will be in the range of $35 million to $36 million. With respect to the second quarter, we expect our RevPAR growth to be below the midpoint of the full year outlook range due to softness in April RevPAR given a negative impact of Passover on group demand during the second half of the month.
Finally, please refer to the supplemental information, which includes comparable 2023 quarterly and annual operating results for our 96 hotel portfolio. Thank you, and this concludes our prepared remarks. We will now open the line for Q&A. Operator?

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Michael Bellisario, Baird.

Michael Bellisario

Good morning, everybody. My first question is for Sean. Just on the debt market, why is the line of credit versus something more permanent to repay the CMBS loan that was maturing? Maybe just and high-level, what was your philosophy there? And the economic benefit of doing so?

Sean Mahoney

Sure. Thanks, Mike. We've come in short. The answer is, is that the line draw was the most efficient source of capital that we had. We ran a process and obtain quotes from multiple data sources from the door during the first quarter.
And we concluded while the other markets are open and actually efficient from an overall cost of debt and cost of borrowing perspective, the line which still has three years remaining of initial tenor, it was recast last year was the most efficient use of capital and it would save us on an annual basis, you know, several million dollars of interest rate savings by doing that. I think as we look forward, we acknowledge that the line is it was a vehicle in light of the current financing markets. We will look our department out that financing sometime later this year or early next year is how we're thinking about it, but it's can be based on how that on how the credit markets evolve, but we preserved our optionality to do that.

Michael Bellisario

Understood. That's helpful. And then just switching gears, maybe a bigger picture question on CapEx. Just first on the recurring front four properties and maybe where are costs today, how much have they moved versus either 2019 levels or compared to a year ago, for example, how are you thinking about when and where to renovate? And then similarly, for your conversions or renovation costs being higher impacting your underwriting or return expectations?

Leslie Hale

And I'll thanks, Mike will tag team on this question. I would say that on the the renovation side, actually, if you find your question interesting, I would say a year ago, we were eating into our contingency on most projects and that, you know, more recently in the last sort of three quarters or so, we've been getting our contingency back, which means that the cost of renovations have stabilized and from a standpoint of inflationary pressures around inputs, labor relative to our renovation pool. So we feel good about the way we've been estimating and how they've been performing.

Sean Mahoney

And the things that are driving that is obviously the supply chain and inflationary impact has waned is one. The second is that some of our contractors and subcontractors are up are more hungry today, right? The labor issues that they've dealt with getting bodies in place has waned, which has allowed them to be much more competitive and how they're bidding.
And then third, we've been able to leverage our scale from our design and construction team such that we are a preferred bidder. If you will for this work. And so we've used all of those things, which has translated into lower cost for our for our renovations.

Thomas Bardenett

And lastly, Mike, the choices in regards to where we've spent dollars. I think if you look at Leslie's prepared remarks, you'll see those are growth markets and where we've really allocated dollars where we see ROI opportunities, not just the conversions. But those Atrium revenue evolution, you know, opportunities where we can create meeting space and have more banquet sales in addition to group mix. So that's where we are thinking about allocating dollars. And I think you'll see that in our allies as we continue to have growth above and beyond just the conversions that we're doing.

Sean Mahoney

And I think we've outlined on prior calls that we go through a very robust prioritization of spend on our on our conversions. We have a very similar process for renovations to Tom's point around prioritizing renovation dollars that may highest return markets.
The other thing is that we've been capturing the trend around activity that's going to drive out of room spend. You've seen that in our in our first quarter results and our results last year, we are continuing to prioritize capital that is going to maximize out-of-room spend because we think that has some tremendous returns associated with it.

Operator

Tyler Batory, Oppenheimer & Co.

Tyler Batory

Well, thank you. Good morning, everyone. I really want to dive into the commentary on April and what you're seeing in Q2 overall. I'm sorry if I missed this, but can you tell us what April RevPAR was? I mean it sounded like from the commentary April, maybe a comp issue, maybe something going on with group business, but there's a lot of concern in the market about just the health of the consumer broadly and what's going on with leisure travel. So if you could just touch on what you're seeing right now and just kind of help us think about a little bit more, what's driving some of the softness in April?

Leslie Hale

Yes, sure. So there's a lot impacted in your question I had was I'm going to address it all first and let me just say this more broadly, which is that we're not seeing anything today that changes our view of the cadence for the year. And so your question on April, our April, we're still closing the book was going to be sort of flat to slightly down, but you really have to deconstruct April. And if you look the first half of April, April was relatively strong. All the segments performed well when you look at the back half of April, group was clearly impacted by by Passover, and that obviously had an impact on us for for the month of April.
But we don't believe based on how the first half of the month performed as any read through and underlining fundamentals. And when we deconstruct the actual performance of April, you may see that our preliminary numbers that demand is actually up, our rate was down. And that makes sense because group is our highest rated segment today and that's what was impacted. But when we look at the cadence for the year based on the current trends we see, we see there's no change in our view. We still expect Q1 to be the slowest quarter of the year, and we expect Q2 to be better than Q1.
As we mentioned in our prepared remarks, we do expect Q2 to be below the midpoint of our range because of April, but we are seeing the trends shaping up for May to for reacceleration based on May's normal pattern, but also because of our footprint. And we talked about in the prepared remarks, a number of markets like Louisville, which is going to benefit from the Kentucky Derby, and Tom can give some more color, some other markets. And then we expect June to be healthy as well as we move into the summer when we look at Group third and fourth quarter are expected to be the strongest quarters for us. And so we still expect the same strength in the back half of the year as we as we had at the beginning of the year.
And on that, what I would say though, is that we're very sober about your point on the consumer. You know, the fact of the matter is that the Fed is trying to slow the economy. We see that reflected in the lower end of the consumer spectrum, whether it's in the form of their spending, their credit and or what's happening in the economy sector for hotels.
And if the Fed is successful in slowing economy travel will not be immune to the impact of that. Having said that, we're not seeing it in our numbers and the trends that we see today. And that's also supported by the fact that the Fed didn't take an action was recently on that. So in terms of what we are seeing, we are seeing BT continue to steadily improve it was up 12 points for us in the first quarter. We're seeing group remains strong. Our paces at 106% with third and fourth quarter being the strongest months on that we're seeing are urban leisure remains strong.
Our leisure was up 2% in the first quarter. Urban leisure was up 3% relative to that. And so we're monitoring it this real time. You know perspective, we do have a transit transient portfolio, some but you know, by and large, depending on the success of the Fed, it could have an impact on where we land within our range, but we're not seeing that today. So there's nothing today that we see that changed our cadence nor changes our view on the strength of the back half of the year.

Sean Mahoney

And then wrapping all of that out Tyler, I think we still remain confident that our portfolio, as it's demonstrated over the last year and the first quarter will continue to outperform the industry. And I think that's the baseline for takeaway, yes.

Tyler Batory

Okay, great. Great comments are there. I think I asked about four questions in one, so I'll pass.
Thank you.

Operator

Austin Wurschmidt, KeyBanc Capital Markets.

Josh Friedland

Josh Friedland on for Austin's. I'm just wondering, given the limited visibility in recent trends, how comfortable are you the acceleration implied in RevPAR guidance?

Leslie Hale

I would say that our portfolio is indexed urban. Urban is indexed to BT. the strength that we're seeing in BTM. is going to play a role in our cadence for the year. But Urban is benefiting from all segments right now. As I mentioned before, VT. continue to steadily improve, group remains robust and urban leisure is healthy. In addition to our conversions, which we outlined in our prepared remarks, we're going to benefit from that as well and our overall footprint. And so I would say to you that based upon what we know today and what we are seeing, you know, we've reaffirmed our range. And we've looked at a variety of different scenarios and have different outcomes, and those scenarios still fit within the range that we provided.

Josh Friedland

Thank you. That's helpful. And I'm just wondering how much of a RevPAR benefit could you potentially see from any incremental international inbound and any markets you would call out there?

Leslie Hale

And I would say that when we look at our footprint, and I'll let Tom give some color on Asia. But when we look at our footprint, New York, San Francisco and South Florida are typically our markets that have shown this amount of international in aggregate for a footprint. International historically has only represented about 3%, but for markets like New York, San Francisco and South Florida, it was much more substantial. South Florida and New York are generally back at 2019 levels from an international perspective, but Asia is not back on the West Coast.

Thomas Bardenett

And to give you a little color around China, so what we're seeing is flights are increasing and '24 versus '23. And the primary reason it's visas collecting of visas, only good at taking about eight days. And so we're seeing better flight patterns in regards to having almost 50 per week as of March 31 versus 35, most recently still below 2019 levels. But what's encouraging, we're already seeing growth in LAX as well as San Francisco in regards to growth from China with the weekly seats that are actually being purchased in advance.
And then lastly, to Leslie's point, when we look at, you know, where we are completely outside of Asia, you're in San Francisco, you have almost 100% now in January, February because what's going on there is Korea, Canada, Singapore and U.K. have kind of taken the place of China with China having momentum. So it's encouraging that international is up and we're seeing it in going in the right direction. And that can only be upside to urban markets, as Leslie mentioned, about New York and Boston as well.

Operator

Dori Kesten, Wells Fargo.

Dori Kesten

And we've heard from some peers that they've seen a softening in their short term leisure transient pickup of late, have you seen it?

Leslie Hale

Dori? I would say that leisure still continues to be a tale of two cities. And so as I mentioned, our leisure was up two points in the first quarter, but urban leisure was up three points, and urban leisure continues to remain healthy given our footprint and the demand dynamics. I would also say to you that and if you deconstruct leisure down even further into rate versus demand, we all knew that our resorts would pull back from its peak on rate. But urban leisure rate continues to remain at or near its peak and have we haven't seen degradation in that. And so from our perspective, what we're seeing in our portfolio is that leisure remains healthy.

Thomas Bardenett

And then on the resort leisure side, again, a smaller percentage of the overall portfolio. But just as a reminder, in our footprint, that's where our conversions sit, right. So when you think about Accuray Dunes as well as Santa Monica. We are having significant growth, as Leslie mentioned in the prepared remarks. And then Charleston continues to grow, you know, present positive growth based on what's happening in that market. So our conversions are part of the resort leisure, in addition to some of the hotels that we mentioned in regards of the ROIs as in Deerfield Beach and other locations that have had some renovation dollars helping us on other room spend as well.

Sean Mahoney

Yes. I mean, during the latest month, we have the segmentation data for March. And I think that really tells the story for our leisure ability to be able to backfill, particularly in the back couple weeks when group was soft, I mean our March leisure was up 7% year over year with resorts up 8%. And so what that demonstrated to us is the ability for our portfolio to capture that leisure demand because of sort of who our core customer is. And so I think that's the latest data points to some of the things that you see maybe from peers is probably more of a function of they're leaning more resource than our portfolio, which is more of a leisure.

Leslie Hale

And just one more data point that distinguishes our portfolio, Dori is that our suite product that I spoke about in my prepared remarks also has very attractive during spring breaks off with families, et cetera. And so we saw rate premium in that particular category as well.

Dori Kesten

Got it. And then, please update us on where you stand today with the Nick, are you are you considering this core or non-core? And can you just give us your read on the relative health of the New York transaction market right now.

Leslie Hale

And yes, I would say, as we said on the last call that when you look at the mix in terms of its size, number of keys, its amount of meeting space that fits perfectly within our portfolio. We have basically reduced our exposure to New York with the sale of DT. met. And so we're very happy with our current footprint in New York, and we consider the nickel core asset at this point in time. It's irreplaceable asset in an irreplaceable location in overall in terms of transactions in the New York market, I would say I don't think they're tracking any differently than broader transaction market overall volume for the transaction market still remains constrained. While it's improving, it's still not it's still slower than we expected because rates have right cuts have been sort of pushed out.

Operator

Anthony Powell, Barclays.

Anthony Powell

Hi, good morning. I don't want to get more at March and April because it's a you're looking at the STR data that we have I think month-to-date in April, they're reporting a 4.8% increase in RevPAR, same thing with urban up 7.1%.
So maybe you could talk about what you saw in the first half of the month in April. Did you not see that kind of Easter shift a rebound that the overall market did maybe talk about some market performance in April just so we can understand better going on.

Thomas Bardenett

Yes. So Anthony, the first half, obviously got the benefit of the Easter shift and that Leslie talked about earlier. In addition to that, you had some anomalies like the Eclipse that also provided a little bit of an uptick in some of those Sunbelt markets that you saw where they were on that path. In addition to that, I think the fundamentals held up pretty well in the first couple weeks. So that's where you got the lead, if you will, going into the back half.
But if you look at the most recent STAR data this week that just occurred, industry was down 2.5%. Urban was down 8.8% and most importantly, group was down 13%. So what happened this last week with Passover is now you decoupled Easter and Passover, which was at the same time to now having two different moments in time in April. So we had to look at every single week as a different week in regards to how we got to that point. But still April as an overall did get the benefit of the front half. And that's why we were referring to the fundamentals of BT demand during the weeks that didn't have the holiday impact as a positive step in the right direction. So hopefully, that helps you answer the question.

Anthony Powell

Yes. I guess I'm just kind of surprised that the first half didn't cancel out the second half, but it seems like the second half was a bit more impactful given the urban group of clients. I mean.

Thomas Bardenett

Yes. I mean it I mean, I think this is I think the last few days which are going to be impacted and have limited group activity are really going to move the needle for the month. We saw similar trends in March that were very strong in the first half. And so I think when you get next week's data, which is going to show the over the last few days is where you'll see the impact.

Anthony Powell

Got it. Okay. And maybe one more in Southern California, and I think that market's been a bit soft across the board for a lot of companies. So maybe talk about what you're seeing there in terms of demand for those hotels?

Leslie Hale

Yes. I mean, our Southern California is actually relatively strong and performing well. You know, Anthony, we were up 4.5% in the first quarter. San Diego has very strong citywides arm as well as commented before, conversions are in Southern California market as well. That market is still has a strong BT. based from aerospace and defense. And so I'm not sure what data you're looking at, but our Southern California is performing well.

Anthony Powell

Yes. Sorry, I had I didn't see via the breakouts, but I think the STR data has been kind of weak in L.A. in particular. So but you're doing better there. So that's good. Thank you.

Operator

Gregory Miller, Truist Securities.

Gregory Miller

Thanks. Good morning. I'd like to start off with a modeling question. What would you recommend we consider as we model operating expenses for the remaining quarters of the year. And I'm particularly focused on the other operating expenses line item because to me that's a one it's harder to model. But in dollar terms it's very significant. So I was hoping that you can provide a little perspective in terms of how you think we should consider modeling that line.
Item particular OpEx more generally speaking, as we shift from a relatively softer 2Q to pay, theoretically railways is stronger back half of the year?

Sean Mahoney

Sure, Greg. Let me helicopter up to total operating expenses because I don't think we're going to be able to provide granular line item by line item guidance outside of what we've already provided for the full year guidance. But from an overall operating expense perspective, what's what we believe for the year is roughly in that high fives to 6% for the year and on total operating expenses within those operating expenses, the fixed cost, which is primarily property insurance and property taxes, we would we would encourage you to model the sort of up low double digits for those for those two line items which are roughly 10% of our expenses.
But I think when you when you think about the cadence right to our first quarter, we were up in total operating expenses mid fives on a per occupied room basis, it was up three. The variable costs were lower at NAB and I'm defining variable costs or costs outside of the fixed expenses on a per occupied room basis were up one six and a little under three, four for whole dollars. But the way I would think about modeling is that as the year progresses as the inflationary pressures decline.
And so I would model some kind of that higher in the early quarters and have that weighing down. I don't think it's going to be measured in 200 basis points spread between the first quarter in the last quarter. But I would just say incrementally a little better each quarter as the comps as we're comping against a period where we're just an easier comp to '23.

Gregory Miller

Okay. I appreciate that. And then for my follow-up, this is more broader question on the full-year guide. In order to free to achieve the top end of your full year guidance based on 1Q results and the 2Q RevPAR outlook that you've provided, what variables do you think have to actualize in order for you to hit that top end of the guidance?

Leslie Hale

Yes. I mean, what we said before was that our portfolio indexes to urban indexes, the BTII. And so really as goes BTSCO is our portfolio. And that's sort of the way to think about it. I think that is the biggest input to your to your question.

Operator

Chris Darling, Green Street.

Chris Darling

Good morning, everyone. Leslie, I think in your prepared comments, you mentioned plus-or-minus 7% growth and out of rooms spend during the quarter. So pretty significant spread relative to RevPAR growth. What's your expectation for how that gap in growth between revenue and non-revenue trends throughout the year? Should we expect a pretty similar sizable gap there?

Sean Mahoney

Yes, for the full year at Christmas, John, we expect, you know, anywhere from 50 to 100 basis points premium of total revenue space to total revenue growth versus RevPAR is kind of how we're thinking about the year. So when you look at it out of room spend. Obviously, that equates to a larger percentage on when you look at those lines in a vacuum. But in total, when you think about total revenue growth versus revenue growth. It's that 50, 100 basis points is how we're thinking about for the year, right?

Leslie Hale

And that's really been influenced by a lot of things that we sort of talked about before in our prepared remarks and that Tom hit on as well from what we're doing in our public space and taking non-revenue-generating space and turning it into revenue.

Chris Darling

Yes, all helpful comments. And then maybe a follow-up to the prior question. Leslie, you mentioned kind of as the as DT. goes, the portfolio goes. Can you talk a little bit about what you're seeing on the larger corporate account side. I think we've heard from you some of the brand companies that maybe there's a little bit more encouraging movement in that regard?

Leslie Hale

Yes. I mean, I would say that in general, BT can continues to benefit from SMEs, which remain very strong and healthy. And that we are we are continuing to see a ramp in national accounts on the corporate side on industries from tech and financial services consulting. All of that is ramping up and in general, but it's also being aided by the return to work mandates that we're seeing as well. And so I mean, Tom can give some additional color, but big picture on it so strong. I think the other thing that's worth noting as well, is that what we're seeing on the BT. side is that it is balanced between rate and high. Arm is not just one or the other and that is a very important point as well.

Thomas Bardenett

Yes. And I think that's where I was going to add some color, Chris, when you think about it, so the RFP season was healthy.
We had rate growth. So you automatically have that as a backdrop when the national corporate accounts come back with demand. And so what we're encouraged about is it, Dan was just as healthy as the average rate. And that's where we see the growth on day of week. Our Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, is where our most significant growth in RevPAR was in the first quarter, we don't see that changing. That's where the opportunity is because that's where you look at the percentage of '19 is still from an occupancy and demand standpoint, still in the low 90s to high 80s.
And so that's where we think BT. can give us that RevPAR lift from an account standpoint, Leslie's, right. National corporate is where we see volume increasing. And I think you heard that from the brand calls already, and that's where you're seeing some additional demand coming in on those days as far as return to office the highest amount of people going back to the offices in Tuesday night at about 61%, 62% nationally for our industry and the lowest demand is Friday at 34%, no surprise, right. So Thursday, still checking check-in, Dave or weekends and midweek, we see that office demand. That's the Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday that we're trying to yield with that BP coming back at those moments in time.

Leslie Hale

That midweek is translated into 2.5% growth for us in the first quarter. We're still seeing that that strength and May is a month that generally benefits significantly from BT.

Operator

I would now like to turn the floor over to Leslie Hale for closing remarks.

Leslie Hale

And thank you everybody for joining our call. We look forward to seeing many of you over the next several weeks at various conferences. For those of you who don't see us, we don't see, we hope you have a great summer. Thank everybody.

Operator

This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time and thank you for your participation.